Fencing

Two fencers in en-garde position facing each other with foils crossed

Adaptive Fencing for the Blind

Highlights from the Upcoming book
“Adaptive Fencing for the Blind – Complimentary Training to Orientation & Mobility”
by Rabih Dow

What Is Foil Fencing?

Foil fencing is a regulated, safe contact sport in which players score by touching their protected opponent with the tip of a lightweight foil. It emphasizes:

  • Spatial orientation
  • Balance
  • Safe movement
  • Focus

Sports as Therapy

Therapeutic sports foster skill development and self-confidence across diverse populations:

Examples of therapy types and their target populations
Therapy Type Target Population
Equine Therapy Autism
Aquatic Therapy Arthritis
Boxing Parkinson’s

Why Adaptive Fencing?

Adaptive Fencing is more than sport—it’s a dynamic rehabilitation method for individuals who are blind or visually impaired. Rooted in tradition and refined through decades of practice, it cultivates:

  • Physical conditioning
  • Non-visual spatial mapping
  • Emotional resilience

This purposeful training builds confidence, spatial awareness, and independence. It complements Orientation & Mobility (O&M) instruction by activating underutilized sensory pathways:

  • Proprioception and vestibular systems
  • Haptic feedback
  • Auditory cues

Designed for Mobility Training

Originally developed by Father Thomas Carroll at the Catholic Guild for the Blind in the 1960s, Adaptive Fencing enhances O&M instruction through structured, goal-oriented movement. Participants learn to:

  • Manipulate hand tools with precision
  • Align to and identify targets
  • Estimate distance
  • Balance and recover while moving
  • Travel in straight lines
  • Detect and avoid obstacles
  • Reach targets efficiently
  • Move in space safely

This is not self-defense or competitive fencing—it’s a rehabilitative complement to O&M training.

Foil: The Weapon of Choice

Foil specifications
Weapon Description Length Weight
Foil Light, flexible blade with blunt tip 3'7" 17.5 oz

Standard Equipment

  • Steel foil with rubber tip
  • Protective mask with throat bib
  • Chest protector
  • Plastron (side-body armor)
  • Jacket (torso and arm coverage)
  • Glove (wrist and hand protection)

Father Carroll’s Legacy

A pioneer in vision rehabilitation, Father Carroll:

  • Co-founded the Blinded Veterans Association (1945)
  • Advanced VA vision rehab clinics following WWII
  • Created the first civilian blindness rehab program (1956)
  • Founded the first university O&M training program (1960)

He integrated fencing into rehabilitation with Coach Larry Dargie and later Eric Sollee. The late Coach Sollee was my coach and mentor, and I had the honor of coaching alongside him for over a decade.

Foil Fencing & White-Cane Mobility

Compatibility of sports with non-visual mobility
Sport Compatibility with Non-Visual Mobility
Ball Sports No hand-tool for obstacle detection
Wrestling / Judo / Yoga Stationary
Running / Swimming / Skiing Often requires physical guidance
Fencing Solo, targeted, tool-driven

Technique Highlights

  • French grip mimics cane handle
  • Elbow at 90°, hand centered
  • Wrist-controlled arc for maximum spatial coverage
  • Steel foil transmits tactile feedback
  • Body alignment and straight-line travel

Right-of-Way: Timing & Engagement

  • Orientation and timing are critical
  • Map your path. Align your body. Move with purpose
  • Inaction forfeits priority

Safety First

Adaptive Fencing is inclusive and safe, but instructors should remain mindful of:

  • Fragile physical conditions
  • Psychological sensitivities

Professional guidance is recommended when in doubt.

En-garde!

Whether you're a rehabilitation specialist, fencing coach, or advocate for inclusive sports, Adaptive Fencing offers a transformative path to mobility, confidence, and community.

Email Fencing@RabihDow.com for more information

For inquiries or to schedule training, please Contact me.